Abdulrahman A. Alzahrani, Amin Y. Noaman and Ahmed A A. Gad-Elrab
Adv. Artif. Intell. Mach. Learn., 5 (1):3373-3388
Abdulrahman A. Alzahrani : Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Department of Computer Science, Al-Khurma University College, Taif University, Al-Khurma City, Saudi Arabia.
Amin Y. Noaman : Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed A A. Gad-Elrab : Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54364/AAIML.2025.51193
Article History: Received on: 04-Jan-25, Accepted on: 24-Feb-25, Published on: 21-Mar-25
Corresponding Author: Abdulrahman A. Alzahrani
Email: AMOHAMMEDALZAHRANI0010@STU.KAU.EDU.SA
Citation: Abdulrahman A. Alzahrani, Amin Y. Noaman , Ahmed A A. Gad-Elrab , Fathy E. Eassa, Maher Khemakhem , Faisal Albalwy, Hosam Aljihani. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of Interoperability Challenges and Applications Beyond Cryptocurrencies. Adv. Artif. Intell. Mach. Learn., 5 (1 ):3373-3388.
The present study aimed to establish and evaluate the
interoperability mechanisms such as sidechains, hashed time-lock contracts
(HTLCs), blockchain bridges, smart contracts, and relay chains related to
cross-chain communication across various industries. Utilizing PRISMA
guidelines, the review identifies key challenges, including the absence of
standardized protocols, security vulnerabilities, and governance complexities
in heterogeneous systems. Cryptographic techniques like Zero-Knowledge Proofs
(ZKP), Hybrid Connectors, and Threshold Signatures demonstrate significant
potential for enhancing privacy and secure data exchange. The finding
highlights the transformative potential of blockchain interoperability beyond
cryptocurrencies, particularly in sectors like healthcare, education, and
supply chain management. The study underscores the importance of developing
standardized frameworks and innovative solutions to foster seamless
integrations across blockchain ecosystems, unlocking blockchain’s full
potential in diverse applications.