Abstract

Purpose: This article systematically reviews the impact of chatbots on the treatment of depression, evaluating studies published between January 2019 and April 2024. Depression, exacerbated by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, requires accessible and effective treatments. Chatbots, using artificial intelligence and natural language processing, emerge as accessible alternatives, offering interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Methods: Using databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, 321 articles were identified, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated changes in depression symptoms using validated instruments in individuals who interacted with chatbots. Results: The results indicate that chatbots can significantly reduce depression symptoms, although their effectiveness varies depending on the design and implementation of the intervention. A lack of gender balance and variations in sample sizes and intervention durations, ranging from one to 16 weeks, were found. Methodological limitations include selection bias and lack of clear information on random allocation and blinding. Conclusions: The bibliometric analysis highlights the interrelation of key terms such as "chatbot," "depression," and "cognitive-behavioral therapy," underscoring the importance of advanced technologies in developing these tools. Despite their potential, chatbots should not be considered a substitute for professional treatment in severe cases. This study suggests that chatbots are promising for psychological support, but more research is needed to optimize their clinical effectiveness and user acceptance.

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